Overview of dark matter detection

Abstract

Dark matter is a perplexing and hard-to-find form of matter that governs the gravitational dynamics of the universe. This paper presents an overview of the existing comprehension of dark matter discovery, with emphasis on its theoretical structure, detection techniques, and future possibilities. The standard model of particle physics, even though effective in detailing recognized particles and forces, falls short in describing dark matter. Various theories and models, such as the Cold Dark Matter and Weakly Interacting Massive Particles models, have been proposed to explain the character of dark matter. Direct and indirect detection methods, including underground experiments, cosmic microwave background studies and collider experiments, are used to find dark matter. Despite extensive efforts, the direct detection of dark matter particles remains elusive. The detection of dark matter poses various challenges such as weak interactions and the requirement for highly sensitive detectors. Progress in dark matter detection will depend on advancements in detector technology, addressing open questions, and theoretical developments, which will offer insights into the fundamental laws of nature and the structure of the universe.