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Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is an annual herb oldest cultivated plants as a source of fiber since about 5000 B.C. On the other hand, the cannabis flower and seed are listed in Shennong’s classic Materia Medica approximately 2000 years ago. The formulas prescribed with cannabis in Kampo medicine have been summarized. Cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the major neurological and psychiatric cannabinoids, and develop to drugs. It becomes evident that the therapeutic CBD and/or THC are the important candidate of anti-dementia drugs having different mechanism for Alzheimer’s patients. Two receptors and endocannabinoids are also discussed for underlying mechanism of action. In order to promote the breeding of cannabis plant containing higher concentration of target cannabinoid the biosynthetic enzymes were isolated, cloning and the tertiary structure of THCA synthase determined by x-ray analysis resulting in the possibility of molecular breeding for cannabinoids.
Highlights
Cannabis sativa L. is an annual herb, commonly called marijuana or cannabis in addition to many regional names (Table 1)
The cannabis flower and seed are listed among 120 safe medicinals in Cannabis, Kampo, Biosynthetic Pathway, Receptor, Dementia
C. sativa are listed as safe substances in the Chinese medical text Shennong Ben Cao Jing to maintain health and brain function at suitable dosages
Summary
Cannabis sativa L. (family Cannabaceae, formerly Moraceae) is an annual herb, commonly called marijuana or cannabis in addition to many regional names (Table 1). C. sativa L. is used by approximately 3% of the global population as a relaxant (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2017). The cannabis seed is considered one of five grains together with bean, corn, millet, and Japanese barnyard millet, and was first recorded in China around 1000 B.C. Three herbs, including cannabis, safflower, and indigo, together with four trees, including the tea tree, mulberry plant, lacquer plant, and paper mulberry, have been cultivated in Japan for at least 1,000 years. Three herbs, including cannabis, safflower, and indigo, together with four trees, including the tea tree, mulberry plant, lacquer plant, and paper mulberry, have been cultivated in Japan for at least 1,000 years Among these plants, cannabis is an important source of fiber, while safflower and indigo are used to obtain dyes for the production of clothing. The cannabis flower and seed are listed among 120 safe medicinals in
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