Overview of Breast Conservative Treatment for Early Breast Carcinoma: Experience at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore

Abstract

<p><strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> Treatment of early breast cancer involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Present study was designed to describe the cosmetic outcome, prognosis, recurrence rate and complications after breast conservative surgery in patients with early breast carcinoma.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive study was carried out at Surgical Unit III of Fatima Jinnah Medical University (FJMU), Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 54 female patients diagnosed with early breast carcinoma were included from July 2015 to January 2019. All of these patients underwent breast conservative surgery with axillary level II dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy. Frozen section technique was used to evaluate clear surgical margins per operatively. These patients were followed up for a period of 12 months.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Mean age of the patients was 49.6 ± 11.3 years. Stage I disease was found in n = 17 (31.5%) females while stage II in n = 37 (68.5%) patients. Most of the patients had invasive ductal carcinoma. Tumor free surgical resection margin status was 1mm-20mm and it was >10mm in 32 (59.3%) patients. Post-operative good cosmetic outcome regarding symmetry of the breast (90.7%), shape of the breast (85.2%), shape of nipple (88.9%) and appearance of scar (81.4%) was observed. A total of 40 (74.1%) patients were satisfied with symmetry of breast, 41 (75.9%) patients were satisfied with shape of breast and 45 (83.3%) patients were satisfied with appearance of scar after breast conservative surgery through a validated questionnaire. Complications noted after the surgery were seroma in 1 (1.8%) and wound infection in 2 (3.7%) patients. Post Radiation oedema was seen in 44 (81.5%) and ulcers were seen in 6 (11.1%) patients. Local recurrence was developed in 2 patients (3.7%). Disease free survival was observed<br />in 52 patients (96.3%).<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breast conservative surgery for early breast carcinoma is cosmetically good regarding the scar<br />and shape of the breast after surgery and satisfactory for the patients to accept. There were minimal<br />postoperative complications and low recurrence rate therefore breast conserving surgery in early breast<br />carcinoma can safely be recommended for early breast carcinoma.</p>