Overview of biological terrorism: Potential agents and preparedness

Abstract

Infectious agents have been and will, in the foreseeable future, remain potential tools of mass casualties. Historically, out-breaks of infectious diseases caused by microbial species have killed far more people than wars themselves. Biological agents have been used in warfare since ancient times. Their use to terrorize civilians by individuals, groups, and states is more recent and a consequence of the ease in cultivating microorganisms. Depending on their ease of transmission, their severity of morbidity and mortality, and their ability to be mass produced, the biological agents have been classified into three categories (A, B, and C) by the CDC. In addition, a number of other biological agents and toxins have potential use as biological weapons. Attacks with biological agents are likely to be covert, and the first responders will be health care providers. To be aware of the clinical picture, diagnosis, and management of illnesses caused by these agents, health care providers, including diagnostic microbiology laboratories, will need to learn public health aspects and infection control procedures associated with the natural or intentional spread of bioterrorism agents.