Overview of Biological Control of Homopterous Pests in the Caribbean

Abstract

The potential for biological control of homopterous pests of agricultural crops in the Caribbean region is supported by a rich history of successes and some biological and ecological attributes which favor this approach to pest management. A review of the discovery and importation of parasites and predators of citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby into Caribbean Basin countries and subsequent repeated utilization of these natural enemies in newly invaded areas provides evidence that: 1.) Success with a pest in one area is generally transferrable, particularly if cooperation can be established; 2.) More than one natural enemy species can be utilized, and several species can contribute to the ultimate success of the project; 3.) Natural enemies from different regions are sometimes effective under varying conditions in the target areas of introduction; 4.) Successful suppression of a serious pest over a broad area can be obtained with little initial investment via classical biological control; and 5.) No deleterious effects of the successful biological control effort on citrus blackfly were identified, compared to those associated with repeated use of chemical pesticides over a similar area of infestation. Other examples cited provide evidence for the continued emphasis on development and implementation of biological control of the Homoptera.