Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance: An Emerging Silent Pandemic

Abstract

Before the outbreak of Coronavirus disease-19, one of the top 10 most risks identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) is antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that is also known as “silent pandemic.” According to Lord Jim O’Neill’s report, if no action is taken, then AMR will result in 10 million deaths annually by 2050. In the agricultural and medical sectors, the indiscriminate utilization of antimicrobial agents is getting worse. For the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections, new antibiotics are urgently required. Microbes, through genetic mutations, acquire resistance to combat with antimicrobial drugs and thus maintain their survival. The WHO on October 25, 2022, released the “Fungal Priority Pathogens List” which includes 19 fungi that pose the highest threat to public health. The implementation of strategies that avoid any possible exposure of pathogens to antibiotics in non-clinical environments involves cooperation between clinicians, researchers, and policymakers. To combat the emerging threat posed by AMR, a multifaceted and holistic approach known as “One health for all” is also required. The curriculum of medical schools needs to be revitalized using a one-health concept. By spreading vital public health information, these initiatives will be successful in promoting awareness among students and the general public.