Abstract
In the 1990s there were 7 (seven) deadly tsunami events due to earthquakes in Indonesia. There is M 7.8 North-east of Flores island sea earthquake (1992), M 7.6 South of Java island sea earthquake (1994), M 6.8 South of Timor Island sea earthquake (1995), M 7.8 North-west of Sulawesi island sea earthquake (1996), M 7.9 East of Biak island sea earthquake (1996), M 7.7 Taliabu island sea earthquake (1998), and M 7.4 East of Banggai Island sea earthquake (2000). Those earthquake and tsunami disasters events affected the number of casualties and damaged houses in coastal areas. Surely those events present a few lessons learned for future disaster preparedness in Indonesia.
Highlights
Between 1990-2000 there were 7 earthquake events that generated deadly tsunamis in Indonesia. Those tsunamis induce losses that damage houses and the number of casualties. Those tsunami events triggered by earthquakes such as 1) M 7.8 North-east of Flores Island Sea earthquake (1992); 2) M 7.6 South of Java Island Sea earthquake (1994); 3) M 6.8 South of Timor Island Sea earthquake (1995); 4) M 7.8 North-west of Sulawesi island sea earthquake (1996); 5) M 7.9 East of Biak island Sea earthquake (1996); 6) M 7.7 Taliabu island sea earthquake (1998); and 7) M 7.4 East of Banggai Island sea earthquake (2000) [4,5]
Most tsunamis are generated by earthquakes, we discover all tsunami events in Indonesia in the 1990s were triggered by an earthquake on the following event: 3.1 M 7.8 North-east of Flores Island Sea earthquake (1992)
December 12, 1992, North-east of Flores Island Sea earthquake (M 7.8), which caused a destructive shaking, was located in the 8.340 S - 122.490 E near Babi Island on Sikka regency at 13:29 Central Indonesian Time (Local Time). It occurred on the 20.4 km depth and was felt by people in the half of eastern part of Flores Island and its vicinities island such as in Maumere XI MMI, Ende VIII MMI, Ngada VII MMI, Larantuka VI-VII MMI, Waingapu, Sumba, and Ujungpandang IV MMI
Summary
Between 1990-2000 there were 7 (seven) earthquake events that generated deadly tsunamis in Indonesia Those tsunamis induce losses that damage houses and the number of casualties. We write the overview of deadly tsunamis information on Indonesia to denote the possible casualties and damages due to tsunami-genic and tsunami earthquakes in the future. We suggest this event be the lesson learned for tsunami specialists to consider the multi-hazard on certain possible areas. According to the recent unexpected multi-hazard event, we propose to conduct the vulnerable reduction for people and buildings as an initial effort to reach disaster resilience [3,6]
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