Overproduction of Soyasaponin I by Tipuana speciosa (Benth.) cell culture

Fahima F Kassem,Fathy K El-Fiky,Mohamed A Abd El-Salam,Nagwa S E El-Shaer,Shaimaa M Sallam

doi:10.33472/afjbs.3.4.2021.60-69

Abstract

Plant cell and tissue cultures are promising biotechnological tools for the production of a myriad of bioactive secondary metabolites on demand. Discoveries of cell cultures capable of producing specific medicinal compounds at a rate similar or superior to that of intact plants have been accelerated in the last few years. Soyasaponins have recently gained more attention due to their biological activities and health-promoting functions. There are many reports relating the bioactive benefits of soyasaponins to their chemical structure mainly Soyasaponin I which possess unique pharmacological actions. Our previous study indicated that Tipuana speciosa (Benth.) leaves extract showed promising antimalarial and nephroprotective activities. This study aimed to isolate Soyasaponin I, a major compound in the leaves extract and the use of cell suspension culture as a biotechnological route for high-yield production of this bioactive molecule. The compound was identified by LC-MS/MS analysis and other NMR techniques. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous studies have been undertaken for the isolation and the production of Soyasaponin I from T. speciosa leaves using plant tissue culture technology. Our data showed that the callus and cell aggregate of T. speciosa represent an over producer cell lines (220 folds) compared to the whole plant.

Highlights

Plant cell culture hold a great promise for controlled production of several biologically active secondary metabolites on demand
Discoveries of cell cultures capable of producing specific medicinal compounds at a rate similar or superior to that of intact plants have been accelerated in the last few years
The major advantages of a cell culture system over the conventional cultivation of whole plants are as follows: (A) Secondary metabolites can be produced under controlled conditions regardless the climatic changes. (B) Cultured cells are deprived of microbes and insects. (C) Reducing labor costs and enhancing productivity. (D) Organic substances are extractable from cultures

Summary

Introduction

Plant cell culture hold a great promise for controlled production of several biologically active secondary metabolites on demand. Saponins are usually located in the seed, leaves, stems and roots of plants (Waller et al, 1993; and Popovich, 2009). These compounds are generally associated 31 with plant defense but have been associated with other biological properties such as insecticidal activity and antifungal activity (Waller 1993, Popovich 2009). They have recently gained more 33 attention because of their bioactivities

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