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Abstract
With the anticipated increase in temperature and solar radiation and frequency of extreme weather conditions due to climate change, buildings typically designed/built in Canadian cold climates would experience increased risks of summer overheating. This paper focuses on how these existing buildings perform under a current extreme year and projected future climates. Results show that the thermal conditions of a single-family detached house built in 1964 and 1990 are more comfortable than the house built to meet the current National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (NECB) and high energy-efficient building (HEEB) without including natural ventilation by up to 50%. On the other hand, when natural ventilation is included, the house built to NECB and HEED are more comfortable. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of five design parameters, i.e. wall and roof insulation, airtightness, U-value and SHGC of windows. Sensitivity analysis shows that wall insulation, airtightness, and windows U-value are the three most significant parameters influencing the overheating risk without natural ventilation. With natural ventilation, the SHGC of windows is the most influencing parameter in reducing overheating risk. This paper confirms that the Canadian buildings have the overheating risk over the hot summer experienced over the past a few years and the risk will be increased in the future. Natural ventilation as a mitigation measure, which has been relied on by building designers in Canada will not be sufficient to remove excess heat or provide thermal comfort to residents. Other mitigation strategies such as shading to reduce the heat gain during the summer, are needed.
Highlights
The daily challenges caused by climate change are becoming evident and affecting many aspects of our lives, such as high temperatures, hurricanes, floods, and wildfires
This paper focuses on evaluating the indoor thermal conditions for overheating risk over the summer time and the effectiveness of natural ventilation as a mitigation strategy using the single-family house as a case study
Due to climate change and temperature increase in the spring and autumn seasons, there are potential overheating risks in spring and autumn seasons, as shown in Figure 2, an extended period is used in this study
Summary
The daily challenges caused by climate change are becoming evident and affecting many aspects of our lives, such as high temperatures, hurricanes, floods, and wildfires. Statistics indicate that excess heat is more responsible for weather-related deaths than any other weather phenomenon such as hurricanes or floods. Between 1992 and 2001 [1], 2190 deaths occurred in the United States due to excess temperature, compared to 880 deaths from floods and 150 deaths from hurricanes. In 2050, the number of heatrelated deaths maybe three times higher due to climate change [3]. The main effect of higher temperatures will be on the thermal comfort of the buildings since people spend more than 65-90% of their time in buildings [4, 5]
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