Abstract
d-type cyclins (CYCDs) are a special class of cyclins and play extremely important roles in plant growth and development. In the plant kingdom, most of the existing studies on CYCDs have been done on herbaceous plants, with few on perennial woody plants. Here, we identified a Populus d-type cyclin gene, PsnCYCD1;1, which is mainly transcribed in leaf buds and stems. The promoter of PsnCYCD1;1 activated GUS gene expression and transgenic Arabidopsis lines were strongly GUS stained in whole seedlings and mature anthers. Moreover, subcellular localization analysis showed the fluorescence signal of PsnCYCD1;1-GFP fusion protein is present in the nucleus. Furthermore, overexpression of the PsnCYCD1;1 gene in Arabidopsis can promote cell division and lead to small cell generation and cytokinin response, resulting in curved leaves and twisted inflorescence stems. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of endogenous genes, such as ASs, KNATs, EXP10, and PHB, were upregulated by PsnCYCD1;1. Together, our results indicated that PsnCYCD1;1 participates in cell division by cytokinin response, providing new information on controlling plant architecture in woody plants.
Highlights
Flexible and precise control of cell division and proliferation is the key factor in organ evolution of higher plants
Since three Arabidopsis thaliana CYCDs were first identified by complementation of a yeast G1 phase defective mutant strain [6], more CYCDs have been identified from various species [7,8,9]
The cell cycle is the entire process from the completion of cell division to the completion of the division, which can be subdivided into interphase and mitotic phase
Summary
Flexible and precise control of cell division and proliferation is the key factor in organ evolution of higher plants. In order to understand the growth pattern of plants, it is necessary to reveal the relationship between cell cycle and growth regulation. The G1/S boundary is the key switch of the cell cycle process, which is functionally conserved between animals and plants and characterized as the D-type cyclin (CYCD)/retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway [1,2]. The G1 phase of the cell division process was strongly affected by the expression level and activity of CYCDs under the coordinated regulation of sucrose and phytohormones [3,4,5]. Most of them were characterized from herbaceous species like
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