Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of stathmin 1 (STMN1) in ovarian cancer and its effect on prognosis. The effect and mechanism of STMN1 on the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells were also investigated. Methods Expression of STMN1 was measured by immunohistochemical staining in ovarian cancer tissues. The effects of STMN1 on the proliferation and migration capacity of ovarian cancer were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays, immunofluorescence staining, wound healing assays, and Transwell assays. Transcription factors were predicted by bioinformatic analysis of TCGA database. Results STMN1 was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues as compared to paracancerous tissues and associated with shorter overall survival. STMN1 expression significantly correlated with FIGO staging and tumor differentiation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, STMN1 promoted proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer cell lines. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that STMN1 was potentially regulated by E2F transcription factors. Then, we found that E2F1 regulated the expression of STMN1 and affected proliferation. Conclusion STMN1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer, and its high expression suggests a poor prognosis. STMN1 promotes the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer and is regulated by E2F1. Thus, STMN1 may serve as a negative prognostic factor and possible target for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the female reproductive organs, with its mortality rate ranking number one
We demonstrated that stathmin 1 (STMN1) was regulated by E2F1, which might be an important mechanism through which STMN1 promotes proliferation in ovarian cancer cells
These results suggest that STMN1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and that high expression indicates a poor prognosis
Summary
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the female reproductive organs, with its mortality rate ranking number one. The 5-year survival rate of ovarian cancer patients was 75-92% if diagnosed at localized and regional stages, while only 29% of those diagnosed at an advanced-stage survived. 59% of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages [1]. There was no effective standard screening strategy for the early detection of ovarian cancer until now [2]. A recent report from the United Kingdom Collaborative Study of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) showed that annual multimodal screening including biomarker CA125 and transvaginal ultrasound scans could reduce the incidence of advanced-stage ovarian cancer compared with no screening, even though the screening did not significantly reduce ovarian and tubal cancer deaths in the general papulation [3]. Cytoreductive surgery, chemotherapy, and maintenance therapy are the main treatment strategies for ovarian cancer [4].
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