Abstract
BackgroundGINS4, an indispensable component of the GINS complex, is vital for a variety of cancer. However, no known empirical research has focused on exploring relationships between GINS4 and glioma. Thus, this study aims to understand and explain the role of GINS4 in glioma.MethodFirst, we used the data in the CGGA, TCGA, GEO, GEPIA, and HPA databases to explore the expression level of GINS4 in glioma, the correlation between GINS4 expression and the clinical features of glioma, its impact on the survival of glioma patients, and verified the analysis results through RT-qPCR, IHC, and meta-analysis. Subsequently, GSEA enrichment analysis is used to find the potential molecular mechanism of GINS4 to promote the malignant process of glioma and the anti-glioma drugs that may target GINS4 screened by CMap analysis. Moreover, we further explored the influence of the GINS4 expression on the immune microenvironment of glioma patients through the TIMER database.ResultsOur results suggested that GINS4 was elevated in glioma, and the overexpression of GINS4 was connected with a vast number of clinical features. The next, GINS4 as an independent prognostic factor, which can result in an unfavorable prognosis of glioma. Once more, GINS4 may be participating in the oncogenesis of glioma through JAK-STAT signaling pathways, etc. 6-thioguanine, Doxazosin, and Emetine had potential value in the clinical application of drugs targeting GINS4. Finally, the expression exhibited a close relationship with some immune cells, especially Dendritic cells.ConclusionGINS4 is an independent prognostic factor that led to a poor prognosis of glioma. The present study revealed the probable underlying molecular mechanisms of GINS4 in glioma and provided a potential target for improving the prognosis of glioma.
Highlights
GINS4, an indispensable component of the GINS complex, is vital for a variety of cancer
Our results suggested that GINS4 was elevated in glioma, and the overexpression of GINS4 was connected with a vast number of clinical features
The present study revealed the probable underlying molecular mechanisms of GINS4 in glioma and provided a potential target for improving the prognosis of glioma
Summary
GINS4, an indispensable component of the GINS complex, is vital for a variety of cancer. This study aims to understand and explain the role of GINS4 in glioma. The total age-adjusted incidence rate of glioma (adjusted by the national population of the study) varies from 4.67 to 5.73 per 100,000 people. Relatively rare, they still cause significant mortality (Larjavaara et al 2007; Gousias et al 2009). According to the current medical standards, the standard treatment to reduce the mortality of gliomas is surgical combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There are many treatments for glioma, the prognosis has not been significantly improved, which is related to the difficulty of surgical resection, rapid disease progression, and high recurrence rate
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