Abstract
Background Ferroptosis plays a vital role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CISD1 is known to regulate ferroptosis negatively. However, the correlations of CISD1 to prognosis in HCC and its potential mechanism remain unclear. Aim To investigate the expression level and prognostic value of CISD1 in HCC. Methods Gene expression and clinical data for 33 cancer types in TCGA were downloaded from the UCSC Xena platform. Pan-cancer analysis was performed to determine the expression profile and prognostic value of CISD1 in human cancers. GEO datasets and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) were used to verify the mRNA and protein expression levels. The influence of CISD1 on clinical prognosis in HCC was evaluated using a Kaplan-Meier plotter. The PPI network was constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape. GO and KEGG pathways were constructed using the “clusterProfiler” R package with the FDR cutoff of 0.05. The methylation at the CISD1 promoter was detected using UALCAN and GEO datasets. The correlations between CISD1 and HCC immune infiltrates were investigated via TIMER. Results Pan-cancer analysis of TCGA data showed that CISD1 is differentially expressed in multiple tumors. Data of gene expression microarrays reveal that the mRNA expression of CISD1 is higher in HCC than that in normal tissue. The protein level of CISD1, validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, was upregulated consistently with mRNA levels in HCC samples. High CISD1 expression was associated with better overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in LGG, but with poorer OS, DFS, DSS, and PFS in LIHC. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and GO/KEGG analysis showed that the PPI network and GO term of CISD1 were mainly associated with energy and iron metabolism. Promoter hypomethylation correlated with overexpression of CISD1. CISD1 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (DCs) in HCC. Conclusions These findings suggest that hypomethylation of the CISD1 promoter increases its expression in HCC. CISD1 is associated with prognosis and immune infiltrating levels of CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs in HCC patients. These findings suggest that CISD1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis in HCC.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) recent update, liver cancer is ranked third based on mortality worldwide after lung and colon cancers [1, 2]
These findings indicate that high CISD1 mRNA expression is associated with a poorer prognosis of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), diseasespecific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in LIHC patients but with better OS, DFS, DSS, and PFS in LGG patients
The results showed that methylation of the promoter of CISD1 is lower in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than that in normal tissue and the mRNA expression of CISD1 was high in HCC (Figure 5(b))
Summary
Ferroptosis plays a vital role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CISD1 is known to regulate ferroptosis negatively. Aim. To investigate the expression level and prognostic value of CISD1 in HCC. The correlations between CISD1 and HCC immune infiltrates were investigated via TIMER. The protein level of CISD1, validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, was upregulated consistently with mRNA levels in HCC samples. CISD1 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (DCs) in HCC. These findings suggest that hypomethylation of the CISD1 promoter increases its expression in HCC. CISD1 is associated with prognosis and immune infiltrating levels of CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs in HCC patients. These findings suggest that CISD1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis in HCC
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