Abstract
BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a major subtype of breast cancer. Due to the lack of effective therapeutic targets, the prognosis is poor. In order to find an effective target, despite many efforts, the molecular mechanisms of TNBC are still not well understood which remain to be a profound clinical challenge.MethodsTo identify the candidate genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of TNBC, microarray datasets GSE36693 and GSE65216 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases via DAVID. We constructed the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and performed the module analysis using STRING and Cytoscape. Then, we reanalyzed the selected DEG genes, and the survival analysis was performed using cBioportal.ResultsA total of 140 DEGs were identified, consisting of 69 upregulated genes and 71 downregulated genes. Three hub genes were upregulated among the selected genes from PPI, and biological process analysis uncovered the fact that these genes were mainly enriched in p53 pathway and the pathways in cancer. Survival analysis showed that only CCNE1 may be involved in the carcinogenesis, invasion, or recurrence of TNBC. The expression levels of CCNE1 were significantly higher in TNBC cells than non-TNBC cells that were detected by qRT-PCR (P < 0.05).ConclusionCCNE1 could confer a poorer prognosis in TNBC identified by bioinformatic analysis and plays key roles in the progression of TNBC which may contribute potential targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment of TNBC.
Highlights
Breast cancer (BC) is considered the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related death among females worldwide [1]
One hundred fiftyseven upregulated and 130 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were conducted in GSE36693 (Fig. 2a) with the criteria of |logFC| > 2 and adjusted P-value < 0.05; 282 upregulated and 249 downregulated DEGs were gained in GSE65216 (Fig. 2b)
Consequences were that totally 140 common DEGs were detected in the Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues, including 69 downregulated genes with the limitation of logFC 2 (Fig. 2c)
Summary
Breast cancer (BC) is considered the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related death among females worldwide [1]. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the main tumor subtypes of BC, which lacks the expression of. It is of great importance to illuminate the exact molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, proliferation, and recurrence of TNBC in order to further develop more efficient diagnostic means as well as therapeutic options. There have been some bioinformatic studies on TNBC, which can help identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with TNBC carcinogenesis and progression and the functional pathways in which these genes participate, proving that integrated bioinformatical approaches is helpful for us to better explore the potential mechanisms. In order to find an effective target, despite many efforts, the molecular mechanisms of TNBC are still not well understood which remain to be a profound clinical challenge
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