Abstract
BackgroundTanzania has conducted a national twice-yearly Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) campaign since 2001. Administrative coverage rates based on tally sheets consistently report >90% coverage; however the accuracy of these rates are uncertain due to potential errors in tally sheets and their aggregation, incomplete or inaccurate reporting from distribution sites, and underestimating the target population.ObjectivesThe post event coverage survey in Mainland Tanzania sought to validate tally-sheet based national coverage estimates of VAS and deworming for the June 2010 mass distribution round, and to characterize children missed by the national campaign.MethodsWHO/EPI randomized cross-sectional cluster sampling methodology was adapted for this study, using 30 clusters by 40 individuals (n = 1200), in addition to key informant interviews. Households with children 6–59 months of age were included in the study (12–59 months for deworming analysis). Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analysis were used to test differences between children reached and not reached by VAS. Data was collected within six weeks of the June 2010 round.ResultsA total of 1203 children, 58 health workers, 30 village leaders and 45 community health workers were sampled. Preschool VAS coverage was 65% (95% CI: 62.7–68.1), approximately 30% lower than tally-sheet coverage estimates. Factors associated with not receiving VAS were urban residence [OR = 3.31; p = 0.01], caretakers who did not hear about the campaign [OR = 48.7; p<0.001], and Muslim households [OR<3.25; p<0.01]. There were no significant differences in VAS coverage by child sex or age, or maternal age or education.ConclusionCoverage estimation for vitamin A supplementation programs is one of most powerful indicators of program success. National VAS coverage based on a tally-sheet system overestimated VAS coverage by ∼30%. There is a need for representative population-based coverage surveys to complement and validate tally-sheet estimates.
Highlights
An estimated 42% of children below five years of age in subSaharan Africa are at risk of VAD.[1]
National Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) coverage based on a tally-sheet system overestimated VAS coverage by,30%
Coverage estimates can come from tally sheets completed during the distribution, with the data incorporated into the health information system (HMIS) or from district or national level representative population-based surveys, or possibly sentinel surveillance
Summary
An estimated 42% of children below five years of age in subSaharan Africa are at risk of VAD.[1]. Most countries use a tally sheet system, which records the doses administered at a health post or other location, and aggregates these upward to the level (e.g. district, region, nation) to provide a total numerator (i.e. total number of capsules distributed). When applied to the total number of children in the target age group at each level, this provides a coverage estimate for any given round. This approach can provide valuable information allowing coverage comparisons by district, region or country over time, and be used to identify and focus attention on low coverage areas. Administrative coverage rates based on tally sheets consistently report .90% coverage; the accuracy of these rates are uncertain due to potential errors in tally sheets and their aggregation, incomplete or inaccurate reporting from distribution sites, and underestimating the target population
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