Abstract
The object of research is the free economic zones in the European Union of different directions with an emphasis on special economic zones. One of the most problematic is the elimination of depressive factors in regions that have lost economic power. Methods of analysis and synthesis, personal observations, analogies and comparisons, and the processing of statistical data are used in research. The results reveal the need to support depressed regions in the EU countries. The example of the city of Jurmala, which after the collapse of the USSR is in a depressed state, the political and economic factors of decline in the field of balneology is revealed. To overcome depressiveness and return the glory of the spa town, it is proposed to create a tourist and recreational zone in Jurmala and the region adjacent to it. Privileges for doing business could be endowed with enterprises focused on the export of health goods and services. The availability of human resources in healthcare and tourism is one of the important positive aspects for the implementation of this proposal. In view of the increased application of legislation related to the organization of special economic zones in Latvia, there are no obstacles to expanding the scope of application in the SEZs.
Highlights
Before the expansion of the European Union (EU) in the early 2000s, the attitude towards special economic zones (SEZs) in Western Europe was unambiguously negative [1, 2]
It is important to analyze the types of free zones according to the interpretation of the European Commission, as well as to identify depressive factors for a given region in order to make proposals for their elimination by creating a tourist and recreational zone in the considered region
According to the interpretation of the European Commission (EC), free zones in the European Union are divided into two types – Control I and Control II [3]
Summary
Before the expansion of the European Union (EU) in the early 2000s, the attitude towards special economic zones (SEZs) in Western Europe was unambiguously negative [1, 2]. In developed European countries, as a rule, free port regimes have been recognized that have been in effect for a long time, but a different approach to doing business by granting benefits to certain groups or activities was denied. Global virtualization of the economy, changing the political and economic map of the world led to the emergence of depressive regions in post-Soviet, and in developed countries. Expansion of the European Union at the expense of the countries of Eastern Europe has changed the attitude towards the creation of special economic zones in Europe. It is important to analyze the types of free zones according to the interpretation of the European Commission, as well as to identify depressive factors for a given region in order to make proposals for their elimination by creating a tourist and recreational zone in the considered region
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