Abstract
Overcoming technical barriers to brewing with green (non-kilned) malt: a feasibility study
Highlights
The malting process comprises three main steps: steeping, germination and kilning
The agricultural production of malting barley accounts for about 241 kg CO2eq/t, whilst the malting process adds an additional 217 kg CO2eq/t, almost doubling the total malt carbon footprint [6]
National-level energy or carbon taxes are being imposed by governments, making energy use reduction not just an environmental and a finanical imperative
Summary
The malting process comprises three main steps: steeping, germination and kilning. The kilning step is by far the dominant user of energy [1,2,3,4] and has logically become the main target in attempts to reduce the carbon footprint of malting operations. The average energy requirement to kiln 100,000 tonnes of malt per annum is 80 GWh thermal and 9 GWh electrical [4]. About 23 million tonnes of malt are produced annually, of which Europe contributes almost 9.7 million tonnes [5]. The agricultural production of malting barley accounts for about 241 kg CO2eq/t, whilst the malting process adds an additional 217 kg CO2eq/t, almost doubling the total malt carbon footprint [6]. The malting industry is always interested in improving its energy efficiency. National-level energy or carbon taxes are being imposed by governments, making energy use reduction not just an environmental and a finanical imperative
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