Overcoming socio-psychological maladaptation of the persons with the acquired and congenital disabilities

Abstract

On the basis of the analysis of the existing philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical approaches there was the theoretical analysis of the domestic and foreign scientific works on the problem of social and psychological maladaptation carried out, there were the external and internal factors of formation of social and psychological maladaptation of the persons with disabilities substantiated. As a result of the theoretical analysis of socio-psychological maladaptation, there are the main elements of this personality trait identified, namely: maladaptive types of the internal picture of the disease and coping strategies, negative trends in self-concept (low or contradictory self-esteem, lack of self-confidence, inexpressive self-acceptance, etc.), destructive emotional states, low level of socio-psychological tolerance. Social factors that cause the emergence of socio-psychological maladaptation include the following: inferiority and dysfunction of the family, lack of education or its low level, impossibility of the professional fulfilment. There were the psychodiagnostic tools compiled and the peculiarities of social and psychological maladaptation of the persons with the acquired and congenital disabilities empirically studied. Taking into account the identified problems, overcoming socio-psychological maladaptation of the persons with the acquired and congenital disabilities is characterized, which presents the following three blocks: individual psychological assistance to the persons with disabilities (correction of the attitude type to the disease, self-attitude, self-acceptance and self-esteem); work with the families of the disabled people; the information and educational block is aimed at working with the society (overcoming negative socio-psychological stereotypes towards the people with disabilities and encouraging creation of the inclusive environment).