Overcoming Matrix Effects in Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

A major limitation in quantitative analysis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is represented by the so-called matrix effects in which the matrix coextracted with the analytes can alter the signal response, causing either suppression or enhancement, resulting in poor analytical accuracy, linearity, and reproducibility. In the direct electron ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (direct-EI LC-MS) interface the ionization process is based on electron impact ionization, and it occurs in the gas phase and is not influenced by coeluted matrix compounds. In this work we quantitatively evaluated matrix effects on enriched environmental and biological samples, with different extraction procedures, using ESI and direct-EI LC-MS. As expected, the samples analyzed with direct-EI were not affected by matrix composition, whereas with ESI we observed either signal suppression or enhancement, depending on the sample nature.