Abstract
Abiotic shades due to the high level of cloud are the major problem causing a low level of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) photosynthesis in the higland of Papua, Indonesia. In order to optimize the growth and production of sweetpotato, it needs to engineer the growing environment for the crop. This study aims to learn the growth, production and photosynthesis efficiency (Eµ) by combining varieties and sticks inclination angles on (1.560 m asl) from April to September 2016. It was conducted using a Split-Plot Design with three replications. The main plot was three sweet potato varietes: Siate, Papua Salosa and Cangkuang, while the subplot was the inclination of sticks with three angles: 90º, 60º, 45º and without using sticks. The result shows that a combination of Cangkuang and 90º stick inclination produces the highest total dry matter and tubers (326.9 g/plant and 248.7 g/plant respectively). The highest net assimilation rate was obtained in combination of Cangkuang with stick inclination angles treatments 90º and 60º for 125.2 mg.cm2.day-1 and 105.3 mg.cm2.day-1, the leaf area index ranged from 0.9-5.5. The highest tubers yield was achieved by the Cangkuang with 90º and 60º sticks inclination angles treatments, which are 31.53 t.ha-1 and 28.86 t.ha-1 respectively, with the harvest indexes around 36-62 %, in which the tubers yield and the harvest indexes have significant correlations.The highest photosynthesis efficiency was achieved by the Cangkuang with 90º (3.83 %) and 600 (3.34 %) sticks inclination angles treatments, while the lowest one was done by the Siate and without sticks (0.92 %) treatment. As a conclusion, the higher sticks inclination angles applied on the sweetpotato varieties, particularly whose wider leafs, under abiotic shade conditions may increase crop growth rates, total and tuber dry matters, tubers yield, harvest indexes, and photosynthesis efficiency rates.
Highlights
IntroductionThe Baliem valley has an area of 960 Km2, located in the Jayawijaya Regency of Papua, with an elevation of 1560 m asl
Cangkuang whose has wide leafs compared to Siate and Papua Salosa whose have narrower leafs affects its LWIs
Tubers and total dry weights increase on all the sweetpotato varieties following the higher inclination angles of sticks, except on the combination of Siate and Papua Salosa varieties with the inclination angle of sticks of 90o
Summary
The Baliem valley has an area of 960 Km2, located in the Jayawijaya Regency of Papua, with an elevation of 1560 m asl. This region is unique as it has a vast variey of bio-diversity which has strongly attached to the socio-culture of indigenous people since hundred years ago. Arobaya and Pattiselanno (2007) indicate there are 35 uselful crops used by the Dani people who live in the Baliem valley for many purposes, in which Pandanus and Sweetpotato are the most well-known crops. The Dani call it as hipere, regarded as a mother or woman crop which has 200 different cultivars cultivated in the Baliem valley and the other 400 ones grown around the valley (La Achmady et al, 1993; Rauf et al, 2009)
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