Abstract
Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is defined by the International Continence Society as a syndrome characterised by ‘urinary urgency, usually accompanied by daytime frequency and/or nocturia, with urinary incontinence or without urinary incontinence in the absence of urinary tract infection or other detectable disease.' The National Overactive Bladder Evaluation (NOBLE) study was conducted in the United States and found a similar prevalence of OAB in men at 16%. The ‘supraspinal' and ‘neurogenic hypotheses' describe the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in OAB symptoms. Men may benefit from lifestyle interventions such as the avoidance of excessive fluid intake and caffeine cessation. Anticholinergic medications are a well-established treatment of OAB in men. A smaller Australian prospective study of men with drug-refractory non-neurogenic OAB confirmed symptomatic benefit of Botox in the male-specific population. Electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve (PTNS) is undertaken with a percutaneous fine needle inserted above the medial aspect of the ankle.
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