“Over-the-Top” Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Associated With a Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis in Children

Abstract

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are one of the most frequent injuries in growing children, and they are often associated with other injuries such as meniscal and chondral injuries. In the past, treatment of ACL tears in growing patients relied on activity modification and bracing. However, surgical treatment has prevailed over conservative treatment in recent years. A surgical technique is presented for ACL reconstruction using an “over-the-top” technique associated with a lateral extra-articular tenodesis procedure in children. An extra-articular lateral tenodesis is done first. The gracilis and semitendinous tendons are then extracted using a tenotome without releasing their distal desinsertions. The tibial guide is then centered over the ACL tibial footprint under arthroscopic vision and an image intensifier, proximal to the physis. Then, a Kocher-type forceps is used to pass a suture “over the top” from the posterolateral window to the tibial tunnel. The double-bundle graft and iliotibial tract graft are fixed within the tunnel in full extension and neutral rotation with an interference screw.