Abstract
Extracting renewable energy from solar and wind energy systems, fuel cells, and tidal power plants requires DC distribution and energy storage devices. In particular, a metal-insulator-transition (MIT) sensor can be applied to the over-temperature-protection (OTP) circuit, to stop the LED-battery power-conversion system when over-temperature occurs. Recently, there have been instances of battery systems catching fire because of poor battery design, over-charging, over-voltage, cell balancing failure, and an inadequate battery management system circuit. For continuous stabilization using an LED-battery power-conversion system, a 450 Wh class battery system that can monitor the temperature of battery packs with an MIT sensor was developed in this study. Furthermore, an OTP circuit involving an MIT sensor to protect LED-battery power-conversion systems is proposed. According to the results, this approach is required to continuously perform the stabilization of LED-battery systems.
Highlights
LEDs have attracted considerable attention because of their brightness and efficiency [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].In particular, they are widely used for street and road-lighting, while LED lighting systems powered by solar panels and lithium-ion batteries are actively used for outdoor-lighting
An LED-battery power-conversion system involves photovoltaic power generation, and there is a risk of a fire or an explosion occurring in the lithium-ion battery because of over-voltage, over-current, and/or over-temperature
Equation (1) is satisfied, and the NPN transistor is turned on. This leads to Vcc = 12 V turning on Figure 7 shows details of the proposed OTP circuit of the LED-battery power-conversion the PNP transistor and capacitor a (Ca) being charged at 6 V through resistor d (Rd )
Summary
LEDs have attracted considerable attention because of their brightness and efficiency [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Unlike the MIT sensor, the NTC thermistor does not exhibit a significant change in resistance at 25 ◦ C room temperature, and is practical, as 70–80 ◦ C is the first-start temperature range at which a battery can catch fire. MIT sensor used in this study is inexpensive (made of VO2), and its resistance changes for temperature detection, but are expensive [19], while NTC thermistors are inexpensive but temperatures above °C [15,18]. Figure displays thecan resistance change in a NTC thermistor a MIT is sensor range at which a battery catch fire.
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