Abstract
Introductionlow- and middle-income countries are currently faced with a double burden of malnutrition. There has, however, been little focus on research and interventions for women with over-nutrition. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with over-nutrition among 20 to 49-year-old women in Uganda.Methodswe used the Uganda demographic and health survey (UDHS) 2016 data of 4,640 women. We analysed data using SPSS (version 25), and we used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with over-nutrition among 20 to 49-year-old women in Uganda.Resultsthe prevalence of over-nutrition was 28.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.8-29.4) with overweight at 19.3% and obesity at 8.9%. Women belonging to the poorer (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.63; 95% CI: 1.17-2.28), middle (AOR=2.24; 95% CI: 1.61-3.13), richer (AOR=3.02; 95% CI: 2.14-4.25) and richest (AOR=6.35; 95% CI: 4.52-8.93) wealth index quintiles were more likely to be over-nourished compared to women in the poorest wealth index quintile. Married women (AOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.26-1.83) were more likely to be over-nourished compared to non-married women. Older women were more likely to be over-nourished compared to younger women. Women in the Western (AOR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.66-2.71), Eastern (AOR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.04-1.88) and Central (AOR=2.25; 95% CI: 1.69-2.99) regions were more likely to be over-nourished compared to women in the Northern region.Conclusionthe design of multi-faceted over-nutrition reduction programs with an emphasis on older, married, financially stable women, and those living in the Western, Eastern and Central regions of the country is needed.
Highlights
Over-nutrition is a form of malnutrition arising from a general imbalance in energy intake compared to energy expenditure [1] and is regarded as one of the major causes of mortality globally [2]
The central region had the highest proportion of women (30.2%) while Eastern had the lowest (19.7%)
The prevalence of overnutrition was 28.2% with overweight at 19.3% and obesity at 8.9%
Summary
Over-nutrition is a form of malnutrition arising from a general imbalance in energy intake compared to energy expenditure [1] and is regarded as one of the major causes of mortality globally [2]. Over-nutrition has steadily increased since 1980 [5] with current global adult overweight prevalence at 39% (39% men and 40% women) while 13% are obese (11% men and 15% women) [6]. Amugsi et al analyzed data from 24 African countries over 23 years and showed increasing prevalence of over-nutrition [7]. Maternal over-nutrition has been associated with negative outcomes including gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, an increased miscarriage rate, stillbirths and congenital anomalies as well as higher risk of obesity among their children in later life [7,8]. The rising prevalence of over-nutrition further increases the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders and cancers [6]
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