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Abstract
Kalanchoe daigremontiana reproduces asexually by producing plantlets along the leaf margin. The aim of this study was to identify the function of the SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 gene in Kalanchoe daigremontiana (KdSOC1) during plantlet morphogenesis. In this study, KdSOC1 gene expression was detected at stem cell niche during in vitro somatic embryogenesis and plantlet morphogenesis. Disrupting endogenous auxin transportation suppressed the KdSOC1 gene response. Knockdown of the KdSOC1 gene caused a defect in cotyledon formation during the early heart stage of somatic embryogenesis. Over-expression (OE) of the KdSOC1 gene resulted in asymmetric plantlet distribution, a reduced number of plantlets, thicker leaves, and thicker vascular fibers. Higher KdPIN1 gene expression and auxin content were found in OE plant compared to those of wild-type plant leaves, which indicated possible KdSOC1 gene role in affecting auxin distribution and accumulation. KdSOC1 gene OE in DR5-GUS Arabidopsis reporting lines resulted in an abnormal auxin response pattern during different stages of somatic embryogenesis. In summary, the KdSOC1 gene OE might alter auxin distribution and accumulation along leaf margin to initiate plantlet formation and distribution, which is crucial for plasticity during plantlet formation under various environmental conditions.
Highlights
Since auxin was discovered almost 70 years ago[1], auxin- and cytokinin-mediated plant growth, including embryogenesis, organ initiation, phyllotaxy, and formation of leaf shape have been studied intensively[2]
The activation of the KdSOC1 gene during plantlet morphogenesis in Kalanchoe daigremontiana raises an interesting question as to why a gene that stimulates flowering would be involved in asexual reproduction
We checked the spatial expression of the KdSOC1 gene by deploying GUS gene expression under its own promoter during induction of the tobacco callus and plantlet morphogenesis in Kalanchoe daigremontiana
Summary
Since auxin was discovered almost 70 years ago[1], auxin- and cytokinin-mediated plant growth, including embryogenesis, organ initiation, phyllotaxy, and formation of leaf shape have been studied intensively[2]. The stem cell niche and formation of leaf shape are excellent examples of elucidating how these two hormone signaling pathways and their downstream gene networks regulate changes during multiple phases of plant growth[4, 5]. The auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways and downstream networks crosstalk through positive and negative loops that regulate stem cell fate, the SAM and RAM structural patterns, and initiate organogenesis sequences. Following plantlet morphogenesis revealed similar traits, such as hormone or related gene expression, during the well-elucidated zygote embryogenesis of Arabidopsis, suggesting that auxin- and cytokinin-mediated growth could be key during plantlet morphogenesis[16]. Determining whether auxin signaling controls KdSOC1 expression during plantlet morphogenesis would deepen our understanding of this issue
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