Abstract
The study was carried out to monitor ovarian activity in female dromedary camels reared in semi-intensive system in Egypt, during non-breeding season, and to assess the effects of Controlled Intravaginal Drug Releaser (CIDR 1,38g) on vaginal environment and on follicular number and diameters. Twenty females were monitored through vaginal inspection and ultrasonographic examination. Group I (n=10) was monitored in July, while Group II (n=10) in September 2010. Follicle number and diameter were recorded before CIDR’s insertion (T0). In Group I CIDR’s were inserted after cleaning of perineum with dry paper while, in Group II, after washing of perineum and vaginal flushing with water-5% iodopovidone solution. After 10 days CIDR’s were removed, the vaginal status observed and follicles again counted and measured (T1). Results revealed that ovaries were active in July and even if in less measure, in September, which are considered non breeding season month in Egypt. CIDR’s treatment caused vaginitis in almost all Group I camels but a better vaginal environment. On the day 10, CIDR were removed in Group II. Statistical analysis revealed that the CIDR’s treatment significantly reduced mean follicular diameter in the two months (P<0.01; P<0.05 respectively) but did not affect follicular number, thus demonstrating its inefficacy in synchronize follicular wave in camels. Both ultrasonographic and hormonal studies will be necessary, simultaneously with CIDR treatment, for better understand effects of exogenous progesterone administration on ovarian activity and follicular wave pattern in female dromedary camels.
Highlights
Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are seasonal breeders and induced ovulators (Tibary and Anouassi, 1997) but factors that affect seasonality are not well documented and information about the breeding season are rather conflicting; in Egypt, it extends from December to May (Al-Eknah, 2000; Shalash, 1987)
At the time of CIDR removal 6 females of Group I revealed vaginitis vaginal score 2 and 4 females had vaginal score 1; foul smell of vaginal discharge, was noticed in some of those animals but any sign of metritis was detected by ultrasonography
A small amount of white creamy mucus was found on CIDR surface and in vaginal cavity but such white mucus lacked of purulent and foul smell and vaginal walls were not hyperaemic
Summary
Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are seasonal breeders and induced ovulators (Tibary and Anouassi, 1997) but factors that affect seasonality are not well documented and information about the breeding season are rather conflicting; in Egypt, it extends from December to May (Al-Eknah, 2000; Shalash, 1987). Camels could be fertile as any other domestic species if appropriate reproductive management is applied (Nagy and Juhasz, 2008). Methods for follicular wave and A.I. synchronization could be very helpful for programming deliveries, for satisfying. Received 9 April 2012; Revised June 2012; Accepted June 2012; Published Online 06 December 2012. Davide Monaco Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Production (DPA), road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano Bari, Italy
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