Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after GnRH agonist trigger and rhCG luteal rescue protocol

Abstract

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a rare, but serious iatrogenic complication of In Vitro Fertilization treatments. Since 1943, when the first cases of OHSS were reported, strategies to prevent it have not been very successful. At present, the most used strategy to prevent OHSS is the “freeze-all strategy”, which consists in the utilization of a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist trigger for oocytes maturation in a GnRH antagonist protocol, followed by cryopreservation of all embryos. In this paper, we present a case of a young woman who developed OHSS after GnRH agonist trigger followed by rhCG luteal rescue protocol. By reporting this case, we want to highlight the importance of OHSS prevention and patients’ selection for hCG luteal rescue protocol.