Abstract
Increasing attention is being devoted to the mechanisms by which cells receive signals and then translate these into decisions for growth, death, or migration. Recent findings have presented significant breakthroughs in developing a deeper understanding of the activation or repression of target genes and proteins in response to various stimuli and of how they are assembled during signal transduction in cancer cells. Detailed mechanistic insights have unveiled new maps of linear and integrated signal transduction cascades, but the multifaceted nature of the pathways remains unclear. Although new layers of information are being added regarding mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer and how polymorphisms in VDR gene influence its development, the findings of this research must be sequentially collected and re-interpreted. We divide this multi-component review into different segments: how vitamin D modulates molecular network in ovarian cancer cells, how ovarian cancer is controlled by tumor suppressors and oncogenic miRNAs and finally how vitamin D signaling regulates miRNA expression. Intra/inter-population variability is insufficiently studied and a better understanding of genetics of population will be helpful in getting a step closer to personalized medicine.
Highlights
IntroductionIn vitro studies have shown that there are wide ranging biological mechanisms which underpin ovarian cancer development
Ovarian cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complicated disease
New layers of information are being added regarding mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer and how polymorphisms in VDR gene influence its development, the findings of this research must be sequentially collected and re-interpreted. We divide this multi-component review into different segments: how vitamin D modulates molecular network in ovarian cancer cells, how ovarian cancer is controlled by tumor suppressors and oncogenic miRNAs and how vitamin D signaling regulates miRNA expression
Summary
In vitro studies have shown that there are wide ranging biological mechanisms which underpin ovarian cancer development. Epigenetic mutations of tumor suppressor genes (Wu et al, 2014), overexpression of oncogenes, loss of apoptotic cell death and dysregulated signaling pathways are some of the widely studied mechanisms (House et al, 2014). In vitro studies have shown that diallyl trisulfide induced apoptosis in cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells (Wan et al, 2013). It has recently been reviewed that VDR FokI polymorphism correlated with increased risks for ovarian cancer (Xu et al, 2014). Recently beneficial effects of Vitamin D3 supplementation were reviewed and it was concluded that moderate doses ranging from 30-80 ng/ml, can prove to be beneficial with reference to decreasing risk of cancer development (WalentowiczSadlecka et al, 2013)
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