Ouverture et croissance interne en Chine depuis 1978

Abstract

The opening-up of China, and its internal growth since 1978 The opening-up of China to the outside world is one of the key points of China's NEP (New Economic Policy) which has been in operation since 1978. The shortages of 1985 and 1986 serve as a reminder that the process of opening-up the country can bring about imbalances, which are increasingly difficult to correct. At a time of taking stock (will the Chinese reforms survive 1988 ?) the question arises as to the impact of the Chinese policy of opening-up, and therefore as to its future. How far has this policy answered to Chinese objectives, is it still (and to what extent) under supervision, does it piean that sacrosanct principles of independence have been abandoned ? Study of the reform-industrial modernization-opening-up chain of developement may provide an answer to these questions. How does the policy of opening-up the country to the outside world fit in with economic policy, how far can the results of this policy be related to internal economic results ? In the last two years, China seems to have taken stock of its opening-up policy, by deciding to take on more foreign debt. This decision would seem to offer a guarantee of durability for the new policy. For all that, the problems posed by various circumstan- cial and structural constraints, for example the drop in oil prices, and various technological and energy problems, have not gone away, and China has yet to undergo more of these. There are some obvious positive results to the credit of the NEP (the penetration of certain markets) although problems still persist. But can any country aim at rapid modernization without temporary desequilibria ?