Abstract
Wireless power transfer systems based on magnetic induction are usually modeled using the magneto-quasi-static approximation, and by neglecting skin effects and radiation losses. These assumptions imply that the extracted power can grow unlimitedly by increasing frequency or coil size. To bridge this gap, this work proposes general expression for the actual received power of magnetic induction-based energy harvesting transducer, extracting power from a given ambient magnetic field, while accounting for the high-frequency effects. A primary result is that the receiver’s output power is inherently limited by radiation losses at high frequencies and impaired by skin and proximity effects at medium frequencies. The approach provides a design tool for estimating the maximal power that can be delivered through a given transducer, and the optimal operating frequency.
Highlights
Energy harvesting has gained much interest in recent years, as a mean to exploit existing ambient energy
The four colored solid lines represent the power when accounting for skin effect and radiation resistance, but with no proximity effect
We show the power limit with proximity effect included
Summary
Energy harvesting has gained much interest in recent years, as a mean to exploit existing ambient energy. Among the various methods developed and available [1,2], magnetic-induction-based energy harvesting (MIEH) takes a significant portion. The operation principle is based on Faraday’s law of induction where a voltage is induced in a coil by a time-changing magnetic flux. The source of the magnetic flux can be power lines [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10], oscillating or vibrating permanent magnets [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24], variable reluctance [25] or a nearby transmitter coil. The goal is to maximize the output power for a given ambient oscillating magnetic field, i.e., maximize
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