Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Practices at a Veterans Affairs Hospital: Potential for Pharmacist Impact

Abstract

BackgroundThe Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) OPAT Practice Guidelines and Handbook recommend multidisciplinary team involvement as a key element to the success of OPAT. Studies have demonstrated that OPAT pharmacist oversight can improve monitoring of intravenous (IV) antibiotics and achieve clinical cure in 77% of patients. Pharmacists at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System are currently not routinely involved with the management of OPAT patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed to determine the rate of adherence to IDSA recommendations on antibiotic laboratory and clinical monitoring in veterans discharged with OPAT between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016. Secondary outcomes assessed were rates of clinical cure, treatment failure, readmission, and OPAT complications. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOf 83 patients evaluated, 91 IV antibiotics were administered and 70 patients completed OPAT. The most common infections were osteomyelitis (n = 33, 40%), bacteremia (n = 13, 13%), and skin and soft-tissue infection (n = 9, 11%). Cephalosporins (n = 41, 45%) were most commonly used, followed by vancomycin (n = 18, 20%) and penicillins (n = 12, 13%). Appropriate monitoring of complete blood count, basic metabolic panel, and liver function occurred 45%, 45%, and 25% of the time, respectively, based on IDSA guidance. An increase in treatment failure was observed when less than 25% of weekly lab monitoring was conducted. Twenty-six patients (31%) met the IDSA recommendation for follow-up visits within 7–14 days of discharge and 51 patients (61%) received follow-up visits upon OPAT completion. Clinical cure was achieved in 52 patients (63%). There were more 90-day readmissions related to infection, adverse drug reactions, catheter-related complications, and C. difficile infections reported in the treatment failure group compared with the clinical cure group.ConclusionIn most cases, IDSA recommendations on OPAT management were not appropriately followed and lack of monitoring was associated with treatment failure. Fewer patients achieved clinical cure compared with rates documented in the literature, strongly suggesting the need for an OPAT pharmacist to achieve optimal monitoring and follow-up.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.