Abstract
Abstract Analyses of satellite radar imagery before and after the 2004 and 2005 Sumatra earthquakes reveal an overview of the uplift and submergence pattern of islands along the subduction zone and provide an outline of the regions that experienced coseismic vertical deformation. We find evidence of crustal deformation from the northern tip of the Andaman Islands to Nias Island. A line 145 km east of the trench separates western uplifted zone from eastern subsided zone. Agreement with the field observation demonstrates the feasibility of our method. We find that radar imagery analysis is more efficient for investigating vertical displacements than similar techniques using optical sensors.
Highlights
Analyses of seismic waves (e.g., Ishii et al, 2005; Kruger and Ohrnberger, 2005; Ni et al, 2005) suggested that the 2004 Sumatra earthquake ruptured over a distance of 1,000 km
In addition to improving our understanding of the geometry of the plate interface and of the deformation associated with the earthquake, this map can constrain the spatial extent and direction of fault slip, because the line of no vertical changes is close to the down-dip edge of the seismic fault
The emergence was caused by uplift due to the 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake
Summary
Analyses of seismic waves (e.g., Ishii et al, 2005; Kruger and Ohrnberger, 2005; Ni et al, 2005) suggested that the 2004 Sumatra earthquake ruptured over a distance of 1,000 km. Field observations using GPS (Vigny et al, 2005; Banerjee et al, 2005) and of a coral microatoll (e.g., Sieh et al, 1999; Zachariasen et al, 2000) provide information on deformation at some sites. These in-situ observations, cannot cover the entire area, because it is difficult to enter some regions, because of the existence of military bases, aboriginal and armed groups, and the collapse of bridges due to tsunami. We use satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images to detect shoreline changes and map areas of seismic uplift and subsidence. In addition to improving our understanding of the geometry of the plate interface and of the deformation associated with the earthquake, this map can constrain the spatial extent and direction of fault slip, because the line of no vertical changes is close to the down-dip edge of the seismic fault
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