Abstract
The geology and paleogeography of the Pavlodar section of the Irtysh valley and the northern Aral region is reviewed, incorporating pertinent fossil evidence concerning the Cenozoic deposits surrounding the Kazakh highland. It gives a summary of the stratigraphy and evolution of vegetation in an area of just under 150, 000 square miles which went from littoral to forest to desert over the span of Cenozoic time. Particular attention is given the evolution of the gymnosperms. The relations between vegetation, sedimentation and soil development are discussed.—M. E. Burgunker.
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