Outer Mongolia and the Changing Dynamics of UN Representation: Impacts on U.S. China Policy, 1961

Abstract

In 1961, the Kennedy administration confronted wides-pread domestic and foreign anticipation that significant changes would be made to existing U.S. China policy. Although the new administration proposed to liberate the United States from past policies and offer fresh, innova-tive solutions to problems confronted worldwide, the major issues that characterized and defined the American relationship with both the Chinese Communists on the mainland and the Chinese Nationalists on Taiwan posed a challenge for the new President and his top advisers. This study examines the Kennedy administration’s deli-berations at the United Nations with regard to the Outer Mongolian representation matter and mounting interna-tional pressures from U.S. allies and other nations for the United States to assume a more flexible posture toward Communist China. Despite the lack of a major departure from existing policies, initiatives proposing a reappraisal of U.S. China policy during the Kennedy administration precipitated discussions and debates that contributed sig-nificantly to the eventual transformation of Sino-Ameri-can relations.