Abstract
A comprehensive study of outdoor visible light communication (VLC) under snow and rain effects has been conducted in this paper. This paper analyzes the expected rain attenuation of Marshal, Carbonneau, and Japan models at different precipitation levels. Snow attenuation is measured in wet and dry situations at various precipitation levels as well. Therefore, a full comparison is carried out for different attenuation effects on certain outdoor VLC design characteristics such as the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), optical power received, bit error rate (BER), and maximum coverage area. VLC with various modulation techniques is considered. The ON–OFF Keying (OOK), L-Pulse Position Modulation (L-PPM), Inverse L-Pulse Position Modulation (I-L-PPM), and Subcarrier Binary Phase-Shift Keying (SC-BPSK) are investigated. The simulation results show a considerable difference in the information received under different weather conditions depending on the type of modulation scheme used. The simulation has been done on a two-lane road, and a green traffic light-emitting diode (LED) with a wavelength of 505 nm is used as a transmitter. A non-imaging concentrator coupled with a photodetector is considered to be a cost-effective receiver.
Highlights
The intelligent transport system (ITS) was motivated by the need to reduce traffic overcrowding and to provide better user experience through mobility and location-specific services
The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that have been widely deployed in traffic lights can be used as visible light communication (VLC) transmitters because they are a possible energy-saving light source, with long life, small size, and low power consumption
LEDs are used on different occasions, such as for traffic lights and street lighting that can be used for communication, so that large-scale power can be employed effectively and that could not be used for radio or infrared contact [4,5,6]
Summary
The intelligent transport system (ITS) was motivated by the need to reduce traffic overcrowding and to provide better user experience through mobility and location-specific services. In ITS, visible light communication (VLC) technology is preferred over all other optical wireless systems, mainly because it is cost-effective and there is no need for “licensing” or new infrastructure. It can be used for communication due its wide range, and is environmentally friendly [1,2,3]. We present a simple analytical model to fully study the impact of rain and snow attenuation on the outdoor VLC communication channel for 505 nm wavelength transmission. The attenuation effect on system parameters such as maximum SNR, optical power received, BER, and maximum coverage area is investigated under different modulation techniques such as ON–OFF Keying (OOK), Subcarrier Binary Phase-Shift.
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