Outdoor sports and risk of ultraviolet radiation-related skin lesions in children: evaluation of risks and prevention

Abstract

Excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure can cause skin cancers, skin photoageing and cataracts. Children are targeted by sun-protection campaigns because high sun exposure and sunburn in childhood increase the risk of melanoma in adulthood. Little information is available about UV radiation risk and exposure in children who take part in outdoor sports. To evaluate the risk of developing UV radiation-induced skin lesions run by children who practise outdoor sports, and UV radiation exposure and sun-protection measures during a soccer tournament. Firstly, we evaluated the relationship between melanocytic naevus - a skin lesion linked with exposure to UV radiation - and outdoor sports in 660 11-year-old children. Secondly, we used the occasion of a 1-day soccer tournament held in the spring to evaluate UV radiation-protective measures used by soccer players and the public. We also evaluated the UV radiation index and cloud cover during the tournament, and calculated the UV radiation dose and minimal erythema dose depending on skin phototype. The naevus count and acquired naevus count measured over the 2 years of the study were higher in the 344 children who practised outdoor sports. Sun-protective measures were insufficient for soccer players and the public. This study shows that outdoor sports increase the risk of developing UV radiation-induced skin lesions in childhood. During a 1-day soccer tournament held in the spring, children and their parents were inadequately protected against the sun. These results suggest that sun-protection campaigns should be aimed at children who practise popular outdoor sports.