Abstract
Fog is considered to be a primary challenge for free space optics (FSO) systems. It may cause attenuation that is up to hundreds of decibels per kilometer. Hence, accurate modeling of fog attenuation will help telecommunication operators to engineer and appropriately manage their networks. In this paper, we examine fog measurement data coming from several locations in Europe and the United States and derive a unified channel attenuation model. Compared with existing attenuation models, our proposed model achieves a minimum of 9 dB, which is lower than the average root-mean-square error (RMSE). Moreover, we have investigated the statistical behavior of the channel and developed a probabilistic model under stochastic fog conditions. Furthermore, we studied the performance of the FSO system addressing various performance metrics, including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit-error rate (BER), and channel capacity. Our results show that in communication environments with frequent fog, FSO is typically a short-range data transmission technology. Therefore, FSO will have its preferred market segment in future wireless fifth-generation/sixth-generation (5G/6G) networks having cell sizes that are lower than a 1-km diameter. Moreover, the results of our modeling and analysis can be applied in determining the switching/thresholding conditions in highly reliable hybrid FSO/radio-frequency (RF) networks.
Highlights
Most of existing wireless and mobile communication systems exploit the radio and microwave frequency bands that became extremely overcrowded
We studied the performance of the Free space optics (FSO) system under different types of fog using different metrics such as detector type, signal wavelength, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), and channel capacity
FSO link in dense fog does not exist
Summary
Most of existing wireless and mobile communication systems exploit the radio and microwave frequency bands that became extremely overcrowded. Free space optics (FSO) has a huge bandwidth that makes it an attractive solution for the bandwidth consumption issue [1], [2]. FSO is similar to fiber technology where both have huge bandwidth for data transmission. In FSO, the data is transmitted in air, whereas in fiber, it is enclosed in glass. FSO is all-optical, which allows it to reach the speed of fiber without additional costs of digging up sidewalks to. FSO technology has unregulated spectrum, i.e., it does not require government licensing for installation. It can be readily deployed in few hours if the establishment of a line-of-sight (LOS) link is possible between the transmitter and receiver sites [3], [4]
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