Abstract
Shelters used to protect air temperature sensors from solar radiation induce a measurement error. This work presents a semi-empirical model based on meteorological variables to evaluate this error. The model equation is based on the analytical solution of a simplified energy balance performed on a naturally ventilated shelter. Two main physical error causes are identified from this equation: one is due to the shelter response time and the other is due to its solar radiation sensitivity. A shelter intercomparison measurement campaign performed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is used to perform a non-linear regression of the model coefficients. The regression coefficient values obtained for each shelter are found to be consistent with their expected physical behavior. They are then used to simply classify shelters according to their response time and radiation sensitivity characteristics. Finally, the ability of the model to estimate the temperature error within a given shelter is assessed and compared to the one of two existing models (proposed by Cheng and by Nakamura). For low-response-time shelters, our results reduce the root mean square error by about 15% (0.07 K) on average when compared with other compensation schemes.
Highlights
A Semi-Empirical Model to CharacterizeJérémy Bernard 1 , Pascal Kéravec 2,3 , Benjamin Morille 2,4 , Erwan Bocher 1 , Marjorie Musy 2,5,6 and Isabelle Calmet 2,3, *
Climate observation rests on the continuous monitoring of several meteorological variables.According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), “temperature is one of the meteorological quantities whose measurements are sensitive to exposure
Nakamura and Mahrt [7] proposed to use the following weather variables to explain the temperature error due to a given shield: wind speed (U), air temperature measured within the shield (Tsh ), downward short-wave radiation and net radiation
Summary
Jérémy Bernard 1 , Pascal Kéravec 2,3 , Benjamin Morille 2,4 , Erwan Bocher 1 , Marjorie Musy 2,5,6 and Isabelle Calmet 2,3, *. École Centrale Nantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LHEEA, UMR 6598, 44321 Nantes, France. Received: 29 November 2018; Accepted: 22 January 2019; Published: 1 February 2019
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