Abstract
Thisstudy tested thehypothesis, suggested byseveral recent reports, that airpollution may increase therisk ofadverse birth outcomes. Thisstudy analyzed all singleton live births registered bytheCzech national birth register in1991in67districts where atleast onepollutant wasmonitored in1990-1991 (n= 108,173). Maternal exposures tosulfur dioxide (S02), total suspended particles (TSP), andnitrous oxides (NO.) ineach trimester ofpregnancy wereestimated asthe arithmetic meansofall daily measurements taken byall monitors inthedistrict ofbirth ofeach infant. Oddsratios oflowbirth weight (<2,500 g),prematurity (<37weeks ofgestation), and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR; <10th percentile ofbirth weight forgestational ageand sex) wereestimated byrobust logistic regression. Themedian (and 25thand75thpercentile) trimester exposures were32(18, 56)pg/m3 for S02;72(55, 87)pg/m3 forTSP;and38(23, 59) pg/m3 forNOx. Lowbirth weight (prevalence 5.2%) andprematurity (prevalence 4.8%) were associated withS02andsomewhat less strongly withTSP.IUGRwasnotassociated withany pollutant. Theeffects onlowbirth weight andprematurity weremarginally stronger forexposures inthefirst trimester, andwerenotattenuated atall byadjustment forsocioeconomic factors orthemonth ofbirth. Adjusted odds ratios oflowbirth weight were1.20 [95%confidence interval(CI), 1.11-1.30] and1.15 (CI, 1.07-1.24) fora50pg/m3 increase inSO2andTSP,respectively, inthefirst trimester; adjusted oddsratios ofprematurity were1.27 (CI, 1.16-1.39) and 1.18 (CI, 1.05-1.31) for a50pg/m3 increase inSO2andTSP,respectively, inthefirst trimester. Lowgestational ageaccounted for theassociation between SO2andlowbirth weight. These findings provide further support forthehypothesis that airpollution canaffect theoutcome ofpregnancy. Keywords airpollution, birth, epidemiology, lowbirth weight, pregnancy, premature birth. Environ Health Perspect 108:173-176 (2000). [Online 10January 2000] http://ehpnetl.n ie/hs.nih.gov/docs/2000/108p173-176bobak/abstract.html
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