Outcomes with High Pre-Transplant PRA in Pediatric Heart Transplantation at a Single Center

Abstract

Purpose Acceptance and management of pediatric heart transplant (Tx) candidates with high pre-Tx PRA remains center dependent, largely due to lack of medium and longterm followup on outcomes. Some centers proceed only with a negative crossmatch, essentially guaranteeing no suitable donor in the worst cases. Other centers proceed across a positive crossmatch, feeling mortality is more likely waiting for a suitable donor, but with uncertain outcomes. We review outcomes after pediatric heart Tx with positive pre-Tx PRA (>10%) at a center that has not used prospective crossmatch, and more recently has chosen to transplant across a positive virtual crossmatch for those with markedly elevated PRA. Methods and Materials This is a retrospective chart review of all children undergoing heart transplantation at our center. Results We identified 19 recipients with pre-Tx PRA >10%: 11 class I, 2 class II, and 6 both class I and II. PRA class I mean was 43% (range 0-100) and class II mean was 27% (0-100). 11 of 18 tested had a positive retrospective crossmatch; 1 had no crossmatch. Only the 2 most recent recipients had specific intra-operative therapy to reduce antibody. Anti-thymocyte antibody induction is used. Post-Tx medications are often modified for better B cell coverage in this group. There were 5 deaths: rejection 2.3 y; rejection 3.2 y; PTLD 3.4 y; infection 7.0 y; and suicide 10.4 y. Both rejection deaths were linked to noncompliance. None of the high PRA recipients had documented coronary vasculopathy. Actuarial survival was 100% at 1 y; 79% at 5 y; 69% at 10y. 7 of 19 had rejection: 3 cellular, 2 AMR and 2 diagnosed clinically without biopsy. Time to first rejection was 1 y in 3. 3 recipients had >1 rejection episode. Positive crossmatch did not predict those likely to have rejection or death from rejection. Conclusions Reasonable outcomes in pediatric heart Tx recipients with high PRA, with or without a positive crossmatch, support offering Tx across a positive virtual crossmatch for those unlikely to otherwise undergo Tx.