Abstract
The outcomes of industry–university collaboration, in an open innovation context, may be of great support to firms, in their response to the challenges of today’s highly competitive environment. However, there is no empirical evidence on how these outcomes are influenced by their antecedents. Aiming to fill this gap, a research model to investigate the impact of the major antecedents, identified in the literature as motives, barriers and knowledge transfer channels on the beneficial outcomes and drawbacks of open innovation between the two organizations was developed in this study. The research model was empirically assessed, using a dual-stage predictive approach, based on PLS-SEM and soft computing constituents (artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems). PLS-SEM was successfully used to test the hypotheses of the research model, while the soft computing approach was employed to predict the complex dependencies between the outcomes and their antecedents. Insights into the relative importance of the antecedents, in shaping the open innovation outcomes, were provided through the importance–performance map analysis. The findings revealed the antecedents that had a significant positive impact on both the beneficial outcomes and drawbacks of industry–university collaboration, in open innovation. The results also highlighted the predictor importance in the research model, as well as the relative importance of the antecedent constructs, based on their effects on the two analyzed outcomes.
Highlights
IntroductionOrganizations must perform within a rapidly changing and highly competitive environment, where innovation is seen as one of the key drivers of success and thriving [1,2]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralToday, organizations must perform within a rapidly changing and highly competitive environment, where innovation is seen as one of the key drivers of success and thriving [1,2].In such a complex environment, knowledge and technology for innovation are widely distributed in the global economy [3,4], so that even the most innovative organizations cannot rely only on their internal research and development sources [5].As a result, industry has to link its internal research and development activities with external resources in searching to become more innovative
Industry often collaborates with universities and the context of open innovation, and its outcomes, may be of great support in responding to the challenges of today’s disruptive environment
Summary
Organizations must perform within a rapidly changing and highly competitive environment, where innovation is seen as one of the key drivers of success and thriving [1,2] In such a complex environment, knowledge and technology for innovation are widely distributed in the global economy [3,4], so that even the most innovative organizations cannot rely only on their internal research and development sources [5].As a result, industry has to link its internal research and development activities with external resources in searching to become more innovative. Using a systematic literature review, Dahlander and Gann [17] indicated a couple of benefits, as well as disadvantages, of sourcing and acquiring external resources, mainly in industrial firms They considered that both outcomes of knowledge inflow can be analyzed based on pecuniary versus non-pecuniary interactions; in the logic of exchange, pecuniary stands for monetary benefits or disadvantages, while non-pecuniary refers to indirect
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