Outcomes of double stratification in Darcy–Forchheimer MHD flow of viscoelastic nanofluid

Abstract

This article reports the magnetohydrodynamic flow of second-grade nanofluid induced by a nonlinear stretching surface with deforming thickness. Darcy–Forchheimer is accounted to characterize the impact of the porous medium. Influences of thermal radiation, nonuniform heat generation/absorption and double stratification process are explored for temperature and concentration distributions. Heat and mass transfer are investigated under the influence Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Second-grade nanofluid is electrified under the influence of nonuniform applied magnetic field with small magnetic Reynolds number. Nonlinear partial differential equations are first converted into ordinary differential equations. The outcomes are obtained by the optimal homotopy analysis method. The impact of various physical variables that appear in velocity, temperature and concentration are sketched and discussed. Power index, second-grade variable, Darcy number and Hartman number improve the magnitude of skin friction. Thermal stratified variable enhances the heat transfer rate, while a reverse trend is noted in case of radiation. Brownian motion, solutal stratified variable and Schmidt number lower the Sherwood number.