Outcomes for Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation Using Cryoablation During Concomitant Cardiac Procedures

Abstract

Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) with heat-based therapies has been associated with a high rate of arrhythmia recurrence. We studied the short-term to medium-term outcomes with a unique biatrial linear ablation procedure for AF treatment using an argon-based cryoablation device during concomitant cardiac operations. Between March 2005 and July 2008, 57 patients (47% men) with problematic AF underwent a linear endocardial ablation procedure (Star pattern) using the flexible argon-based cryoablation probe during concomitant cardiac operations. Procedures were performed with valve or coronary operations, including mitral valve replacement (25%), mitral valve repair (16%), coronary artery bypass grafts (21%), and congenital heart surgery (8%). Atrial fibrillation was persistent or long-standing persistent in 50.9% of patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves (with the standard error) demonstrated 91% (3.9%) of patients were still free of their first recurrence at 6 months, 81% (5.6%) at 12 months, and 70% (6.8%) at 24 months. Time to first recurrence was not significantly associated with age (p = 0.47), gender (p = 0.52), or type of AF (p = 0.69). There were no complications attributed to the cryoablation procedure. There was one in-hospital death and one death after discharge. Twelve patients (21%) required permanent pacemaker implantation postoperatively. There were no early or late thromboembolic events. This study demonstrated the medium-term efficacy of cryoablation with a unique biatrial pattern of linear lesions for the treatment of AF during a concomitant cardiac operation. Short-term to medium-term outcomes were at least equivalent to those reported for other energy modalities.