Outcomes associated with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients

Abstract

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been associated with favourable outcomes in patients with heart failure. Studies also indicate a reduced risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Purpose We performed an exploratory analysis to evaluate the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors in anticoagulated patients with AF. Method All anticoagulated patients with AF and type 2 diabetes between January 2014 and December 2018 were identified from a federated electronic medical record database (TriNetX), and followed up for 3 years. A 1:1 propensity score matched (PSM) analysis was performed to balance the SGLT-2i and non-SGLT-2i cohorts. The primary outcome was ischaemic stroke/ transient ischaemic attack (TIA), bleeding events, hospitalisation for AF and composite of cardioversion and ablations. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, haemorrhagic stroke, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, incident heart failure and composite of arterial and venous thrombotic events. Results A total of 236,493 and 20,841 were identified from the non-SGLT2 and SGLT2 inhibitor groups respectively. After PSM, each group had 17,968 patients. In anticoagulated AF patients, SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a significantly lower risk of ischaemic stroke/ TIA, hazard ratio (HR) 0.759 (95% CI 0.719-0.802), bleeding HR 0.657 (95% CI 0.619-0.697), hospitalisation for AF HR 0.875 (95% CI 0.855-0.897), and composite of cardioversion/ablations HR 0.705 (95% CI 0.655-0.759). A lower risk of all-cause mortality HR 0.481 (95% CI 0.453-0.510), haemorrhagic stroke HR 0.54 (95% CI 0.454-0.642), ventricular arrhythmias HR 0.766 (95% CI 0.719-0.816), cardiac arrests HR 0.539 (95% CI 0.476-0.611), incident heart failure HR 0.709 (95% CI 0.661-0.760) and composite of arterial and venous thrombotic events HR 0.737 (95% CI 0.712-0.763) were also observed with SGLT2 inhibitor use. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SGLT2i use is associated with a lower risk of AF-related complications such as ischaemic stroke/ TIA, bleeding, ventricular arrhythmias and reduced need for procedures such as cardioversion and ablations. Further studies are required to confirm this association.