Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with many diseases as well as aging. Electrolyzed-reduced water (ERW) has been suggested to reduce oxidative stress and improve antioxidant potential. This study investigated the effects of drinking ERW on biomarkers of oxidative stress and health-related indices in healthy adults. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 65 participants, who were allocated into two groups. Of these, 61 received intervention (32 with ERW and 29 MW [mineral water]). All participants were instructed to drink 1.5 L/day of ERW or MW for eight weeks. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and health-related indices were assessed at baseline as well as after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention. Of the primary outcome variables assessed, diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential showed a significant interaction between the groups and time, with d-ROMs levels significantly decreased at 8 weeks in ERW compared to those in MW. Among the secondary outcome variables, total, visceral, and subcutaneous fat mass significantly changed over time, with a significant association observed between the group and time. Thus, daily ERW consumption may be a potential consideration for a sustainable and innovatively simple lifestyle modification at the workplace to reduce oxidative stress, increase antioxidant potential, and decrease fat mass.
Highlights
Free radicals were first described in 1950 [1] and refer to highly unstable and reactive atoms or molecules, owing to unpaired electrons found in their outer orbit [2]
This study was an randomized controlled trials (RCT) employed to determine the effects of Electrolyzed-reduced water (ERW) on biomarkers of oxidative stress and health-related indices in healthy adults
Drinking of ERW improved the major biomarkers of oxidative stress and body fat mass
Summary
Free radicals were first described in 1950 [1] and refer to highly unstable and reactive atoms or molecules, owing to unpaired electrons found in their outer orbit [2]. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 564 stress [5] generated from a disturbance in the balance between the formation and removal of reactive species has been shown to result in oxidative damage to various macromolecules, such as lipids, DNA, and proteins [2,5,6,7,8], and have been implicated as an etiological agent in many pathologic processes including aging [2,6,9,10], radiation injury, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurological diseases, and cancers [3]. Endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms act together with exogenous antioxidants to prevent oxidative damage. Diverse strategies exist for estimating oxidative stress status, including detection of free radicals, ROS, damaged macromolecules from oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzymes for antioxidant potential, as well as health-related indices for altered medical conditions resulting from oxidative stress [7,11]
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