Outcomes and Stability of Anterior Open Bite Treatment with Skeletal Anchorage in Non-Growing Patients and Adults Compared to the Results of Orthognathic Surgery Procedures: A Systematic Review.

Piotr Malara,Susanne Bierbaum,Beata Malara

doi:10.3390/jcm10235682

Abstract

The objective of this review is to evaluate, on the basis of the available literature, if anterior open bite (AOB) can be successfully treated with the intrusion of molar teeth using skeletal anchorage in non-growing patients and adults and if this treatment modality provides comparable results to those obtained by orthognathic surgery procedures. Methods: A systematic review of published data in major databases from 2000 to 2021 was performed. Results: In total, 92 articles were included in title and abstract screening, and only 16 articles (11 concerning AOB correction by molar intrusion with skeletal anchorage, and five considering AOB treatment by orthognathic surgical intervention) qualified for thorough data extraction and analysis. Conclusions: On the basis of this review, it seems to be possible to obtain successful results for AOB treatment in non-growing patients and adults by means of the intrusion of molar teeth with skeletal anchorage. However, due to the different methods of assessing treatment outcomes used by different authors, it is not possible to state conclusively whether the treatment of AOB by means of molar intrusion with skeletal anchorage provides long-term results that are comparable to orthognathic surgery procedures.

Highlights

Anterior open bite (AOB) is still one of the most difficult and demanding clinical problems
Changing the value from negative to positive indicated the correct treatment outcome on incisors, regardless of whether the treatment was based on molar intrusion temporary anchorage devices (TADs) or as a result of maxillary or bimaxillary orthognathic surgery
AOB treatment resulted in a reduction in the measurements of anterior facial height (AFH), understood as the linear distance between N and Me, and a decrease in lower face height (LFH), defined as the linear distance between the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and Me or ANS-Me distance

Summary

Introduction

Anterior open bite (AOB) is still one of the most difficult and demanding clinical problems. This malocclusion relies on a reduction in the vertical relationship between the incisal edges of the upper and lower incisors [1]. There are many etiological factors of AOB. These include genetic, skeletal, dental and functional factors; factors related to the morphology of soft tissues; and habits [2]. AOB is very often associated with numerous dental abnormalities, including tooth crowding, followed by problems with chewing food and speech, as well as aesthetic defects. AOB is accompanied by muscular and functional problems, such as incompetence of the lips and a convex facial profile [1]. The development of AOB is associated with the existence of parafunctions, which include thumb sucking or tongue thrust [4]

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