Outcomes and Disease Spectrum of LBW Neonates in a Secondary Health Facility.

Rosena Olubanke Oluwafemi,Adebola Olutoyin Hassan,Femi Peter Adesina,Mihajlo Jakovljevic

doi:10.1155/2022/9974636

Rosena Olubanke Oluwafemi, Adebola Olutoyin Hassan + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9974636

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Abstract

Globally, 30 million low birth weight (LBW) babies are born every year and 95% of them are from developing countries. LBW neonates are at a high risk of mortality, morbidity, and long-term disability. The objective of this study is to investigate outcomes and disease spectrum among low birth weight neonates. This is a prospective, observational study conducted on 540 neonates admitted in the Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2018. Questionnaire, interview, clinical, and diagnostic procedures were used as research tools. There were 137 low birth weight (LBW) neonates, with the mean mothers' age of 31.92 ± 6.60. Of the 540 neonates, 69 (50.4%) and 68 (49.6%) were term and preterm, respectively. There were 64 female neonates (46.7%) and 73 male neonates (53.3%). The mean weight of the neonates was 1.82 ± 0.44 kg, and mean number of days on admission was 6.42 ± 6.75 days. Neonatal sepsis (NNS) was the highest morbidity 51 (37.2%) among the LBW neonates, followed by prematurity 47 (34.4%) and neonatal jaundice (NNJ) 18 (13.1%). Sex (χ2 = 3.584, p=0.310), mode of delivery (χ2 = 4.669, p=0.198), and gestational age (χ2 = 3.904, p=0.272) were not a significant determinant of outcome among LBW neonates. Men were 2.36 times more likely to be preterm (OR = 2.36, 95% CL = 1.01–5.54, p=0.048) among LBW neonates. Outcomes of LBW neonates who were delivered by SVD were not significant compared to preterm delivered by CS (OR = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.13–1.65, p=0.096). Sixty percent (60%) of the mothers had Prolonged Rupture of Membranes (PROM). Morbidities such as hypothermia (72.2%), apnoea (63.6%), haemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN) (66.7%), and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (66.7%) were more observed with preterm LBW neonates. Importance of qualitative antenatal care (ANC) should be emphasized; anticipation and prevention of LBW births can help mitigate some of the problems they are prone to.

Highlights

Neonate’s birth weight can be categorized to be low birth weight (4,000 g) [1]
Almost the same number of term 69 (50.4%) and preterm 68 (49.6%) was recorded. ere were 64 female babies (46.7%) and 73 male babies (53.3%). e majority of low birth weight (LBW) neonates were delivered by Spontaneous Vertex Delivery 116 (84.7%)
Within the period of study, 540 neonates were admitted and majority of the neonates (75.9%) were referred from other government hospitals to MCHA. e incidence of low birth weight (LBW) among the neonates in the current study was 25.37%. is figure is higher than the reports of 2.6% in the 45 months of study from Enugu, southeast, and Nigeria [10], 6.3% from Nsukka and Calabar [16], 8.3% from PortHarcourt [24], and 15.7% from Maiduguri [25]

Summary

Introduction

Neonate’s birth weight can be categorized to be low birth weight (4,000 g) [1]. Low birth and high birth weight are called abnormal birth weights (ABW) [2, 3]. 30 million of low birth weight (LBW) occurs every year and 95% of them are from developing countries [6, 7]. Low birth weight is a major contributory factor to neonatal ill health and by extension child morbidity, mortality, and disability [8,9,10]. Low birth is further classified into extremely low birth weight (≤1,000 g) and very low birth weight (

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