Abstract
Objective: To describe a population of dogs with acute spontaneous hemoperitoneum (ASH) that were treated with either surgical or medical management in the first 12 h after presentation, and to perform a preliminary investigation into whether there were differences in achieving cardiovascular stabilization or patterns of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion between patients treated with early (<12 h) surgery vs.medical management.Design: A retrospective multicenter preliminary study performed on 168 dogs presenting with ASH between January 2015 and May 2019. Patients were excluded if they were euthanized or discharged from hospital within the first 12 h, or if clinical records were incomplete. All patients received appropriate medical stabilization efforts. Statistical analysis was performed comparing patients that underwent early (<12 h) surgery and those that did not.Results: Eighty-nine patients were in the early surgical group and 79 patients in the medical group. A significantly higher proportion of medical cases were euthanized (p < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of early surgical cases were discharged from hospital (p = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in achieving cardiovascular stabilization (OR 1.07 p = 0.82). A higher proportion of patients with body-weight over 20 kg achieved stabilization within 12 h than those with body-weight of 20 kg or less (62.7 vs. 41.4%, p < 0.01). A higher proportion of patients with splenic conditions achieved stabilization than patients with non-splenic conditions (56.5 vs. 28.6%, p = 0.05). The odds of receiving an RBC transfusion were higher in the early surgical group than the medical group [OR 3.81 (p < 0.001)].Conclusions: This preliminary study did not identify a significant difference in the ability to achieve cardiovascular stabilization in the first 12 h in dogs with ASH that underwent early surgical intervention vs. those managed medically. Patients in the early surgical group were more likely to receive a RBC transfusion than those in the medical group. At this time the decision on whether to pursue medical or early surgical management should be made on a case by case basis.
Highlights
Canine Acute Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum (ASH) is a common, potentially life-threatening emergency [1], and owners of these patients are often faced with the urgent need to make difficult emotional and financial decisions
Splenic hemangiosarcoma causes the greatest proportion of ASH cases [10, 11]; a recent study by Fleming et al found dogs under 20 kg to be more likely to have hemoperitoneum of nonsplenic origin, and less likely to have an etiological diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma than dogs ≥20 kg [4]
Our preliminary study found no significant difference in the odds of achieving cardiovascular stabilization in dogs with ASH, whether they were managed with surgical or medical management within the first 12 h of presentation
Summary
Canine Acute Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum (ASH) is a common, potentially life-threatening emergency [1], and owners of these patients are often faced with the urgent need to make difficult emotional and financial decisions. Reported causes of canine acute spontaneous hemoperitoneum (ASH) include intra-abdominal neoplasia, hematomas, liver lobe torsion, splenic torsion, gastric dilation and volvulus and coagulopathies [2,3,4]. Splenic hemangiosarcoma causes the greatest proportion of ASH cases [10, 11]; a recent study by Fleming et al found dogs under 20 kg to be more likely to have hemoperitoneum of nonsplenic origin, and less likely to have an etiological diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma than dogs ≥20 kg [4]
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