Outcome of simultaneous angioembolization and nephron sparing surgery in large renal angiomyolipomas

Abstract

To study the outcome of simultaneous angioembolization and nephron sparing surgery in large renal angiomyolipomas. A prospective study of carried out from 2016 to 2019. A total of 15 patients were included in the study with a lesion (angiomyolipoma) more than 10 cm in size, suitable for nephron sparing surgery. The workup of the patients included history, baseline blood investigations, ultrasonography, and CT urography including angiographic films. All the patients were taken up for selective of angioembolization of the feeding vessels of the AML carried out by the interventional radiologist followed by nephron sparing surgery in the same sitting. The short term outcomes studied were warm ischemia time, average blood loss, and length of post-operative hospital stay. The oncological outcome was evaluated by noting the surgical margins of histopathological specimen and functional outcome by assessing the function of the preserved renal parenchyma. Twelve out of fifteen cases were female. The mean age was 42.25 years. All the patients had lesion more than 10 cm with seven tumors located at the lower pole, four at mid-pole, and four at upper pole. Eight patients had low complexity score on RENAL score (i.e. 4-6), five patients medium complexity score (i.e. 7-9), and two had high complexity score (i.e. ⩾10). Average blood loss was 200 ml, warm ischemia time was 18.46 min and postoperative stay was 3.55 days. All the 15 specimens sent for histopathology were confirmed as AML (angiomyolipomas) with margins free of tumor. Follow up CECT done at 4 months postoperatively revealed functioning residual renal parenchyma with prompt excretion of contrast. Large AML's are also amenable to nephron sparing surgery. However patient should always be warned about the possibility of total nephrectomy. Selective angioembolization helps in reducing the blood supply and risk of torrential bleeding thus facilitates in the removal of the tumor and increasing the chances of nephron sparing surgery.