Abstract
COVID-19 pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have been associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia versus CAP in terms of mortality. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted between pre-COVID-19 era (May 2019–November 2019) and COVID-19 era (May 2020–November 2020). The study included all adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (Group 1) and adult patients with CAP but are COVID-19 negative (Group 2). A total of 106 patients were included in the study, of which 56 were in the COVID-19 pneumonia group and 50 in the CAP group. Patients who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) were 60.7% (n = 34) in Group 1 and 48% (n = 24) in Group 2. Mortality occurred in 37.5% (n = 21) patients in Group 1 and 12.0% (n = 6) in Group 2 (P = 0.003). A total of 52 patients required admission to intensive care unit (ICU), of which 44.6% (n = 25) were in Group 1 and 54.0% (n = 27) in Group 2. Of the 58 patients who developed AKI, 3 (8.8%) patients in Group 1 passed away compared to none in Group 2. Moreover, 58.8% patients (n = 20) in Group 1 and 70.8% patients (n = 17) in Group 2 required ICU admission. Mortality rate in the ICU was 80.0% (n = 16) and 35.3% (n = 6) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.006). The overall mortality rate was higher in case of COVID-19 patients than those with CAP. In case of patients with AKI, mortality rate in the ICU was significantly higher in COVID-19 pneumonia patients compared to CAP patients.
Highlights
In case of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), mortality rate in the intensive care unit (ICU) was significantly higher in COVID-19 pneumonia patients compared to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients
Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly discovered contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic presentation to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and respiratory failure
AKI and ICU admission are common among patients with COVID19 pneumonia
Summary
Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly discovered contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic presentation to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and respiratory failure. The case fatality rate varies by country, ranging between 0.8% and 14.2% [3].
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